References UK clinical guidance from the NHS, the British HIV Association (BHIVA), and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). Last updated: April 2026.
Condoms are one of the most effective tools for preventing HIV and other STIs when used correctly. Adding the right lubricant reduces friction, breakage and discomfort — making condoms more effective and sex more enjoyable. Getting both right is straightforward with a little knowledge.
Here’s a practical guide.
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How to Use an External (Male) Condom
- Check the expiry date
- Open the packet carefully — don’t use teeth or sharp nails
- Check which way the condom unrolls — it should roll down easily
- Pinch the tip to remove air (the teat collects semen)
- Roll down the full length of the erect penis
- Add lubricant to the outside
- After ejaculation, hold the base and withdraw while still erect
- Remove, tie off and dispose of in a bin — never flush
Choosing the Right Lubricant
| Lube Type | Safe with Latex Condoms? | Safe with Internal/Nitrile Condoms? | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water-based | Yes | Yes | Most versatile; may need reapplying |
| Silicone-based | Yes | Yes | Longer lasting; not for use with silicone toys |
| Oil-based | No — breaks latex | Yes (nitrile is oil-safe) | Never use with latex condoms |
Why Lubricant Matters
- Reduces friction — the main cause of condom breakage
- Essential for anal sex — the rectum has no natural lubrication
- Reduces tiny tears in tissue — lowering infection risk
- Makes sex more comfortable and enjoyable
Common Mistakes
- Using oil-based lube with latex condoms (baby oil, coconut oil, Vaseline)
- Putting the condom on inside out then flipping it
- Not leaving space at the tip
- Using two condoms at once — friction causes breakage
- Using expired or damaged condoms
- Storing condoms in wallets or hot cars
- Not using enough lubricant for anal sex
- Reusing condoms
Where to Get Free Condoms and Lube
- NHS sexual health clinics
- Many GP surgeries
- Young people’s health services
- Some community pharmacies
- University health services
Read more: Condoms and HIV | Anal sex and HIV risk | Internal condoms
Frequently Asked Questions
Can condoms break even with lubricant?
Breakage is possible but rare with correct use and adequate lubrication. Using the right lube, checking expiry dates and pinching the tip all reduce risk.
Is saliva a good lubricant?
Saliva provides very little lubrication and dries quickly. It’s not an effective substitute for proper lubricant, especially for anal sex.
Do condoms reduce sensation?
Modern condoms are much thinner than older ones. Ultra-thin varieties offer good sensation while maintaining protection. Adding a drop of lube inside the tip can also increase sensation.
Related reading
- Can Condoms Protect Against HIV?
- Why Is an HIV Prevention Vaccine So Difficult to Develop?
- Do Condoms Prevent STIs?
- HIV Treatment as Prevention (TasP)
- How to Prevent HPV
Sources
- NHS — Sexual health conditions
- BASHH — UK clinical guidelines for STI management
- British HIV Association (BHIVA) — HIV treatment guidelines
- Terrence Higgins Trust — sexual health information
- UK Health Security Agency — STI surveillance data
Steve Page is a recognised expert on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and STD treatments, having published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals and presented his research at conferences around the world. He has an in-depth understanding of the latest medical research on STDs, and is an advocate for the development of new treatments and protocols to improve the health of those affected. In addition to his research, he has dedicated his career to understanding the causes and symptoms of STDs, as well as how to best treat those impacted.
