References UK clinical guidance from the NHS, the British HIV Association (BHIVA), and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). Last updated: April 2026.
Itraconazole is a prescription antifungal medication used for more severe or resistant fungal infections, including some cases of recurrent thrush, fungal nail infections and systemic fungal infections. It’s not usually first-line for simple thrush but has a role when other treatments haven’t worked or when deeper infections need treatment.
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Uses
| Condition | Detail |
|---|---|
| Recurrent vaginal thrush | When fluconazole hasn’t worked |
| Fungal nail infections | Pulse therapy over months |
| Systemic fungal infections | Histoplasmosis, aspergillosis |
| Oral thrush resistant to other treatment | Second-line option |
How It Works
- Blocks ergosterol production in fungal cell membranes
- Broad-spectrum antifungal activity
- Taken as capsules (with food) or liquid
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Headache
- Abdominal pain
- Liver function changes (monitored)
- Drug interactions — check with pharmacist
Important Interactions
- Interacts with many drugs including some HIV medications
- Statins — some contraindicated
- Always tell your doctor about other medicines
Read more: Fluconazole | What is thrush? | Drug interactions
Frequently Asked Questions
Is itraconazole stronger than fluconazole?
Different spectrum — used when fluconazole isn’t sufficient.
Do I need to take it with food?
Capsules yes (with food); liquid on empty stomach.
How long is the course?
Varies — from days for thrush to months for nail infections.
Related reading
- Using Antibiotics to Prevent STIs: DoxyPEP Explained
- Azithromycin: Uses in Sexual Health
- Best Antibiotics for STIs: A Practical Guide
- Ciprofloxacin for STIs: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects
- Clindamycin: Uses in Sexual Health
Sources
- NHS — Sexual health conditions
- BASHH — UK clinical guidelines for STI management
- British HIV Association (BHIVA) — HIV treatment guidelines
- Terrence Higgins Trust — sexual health information
- UK Health Security Agency — STI surveillance data
Steve Page is a recognised expert on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and STD treatments, having published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals and presented his research at conferences around the world. He has an in-depth understanding of the latest medical research on STDs, and is an advocate for the development of new treatments and protocols to improve the health of those affected. In addition to his research, he has dedicated his career to understanding the causes and symptoms of STDs, as well as how to best treat those impacted.
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