References UK clinical guidance from the NHS, the British HIV Association (BHIVA), and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). Last updated: April 2026.
Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum are two related bacterial species that can colonise the genital and urinary tract. Many people carry them without symptoms, but they can occasionally cause urethritis and other inflammation. Testing isn’t routine but is sometimes used when symptoms persist after standard STI testing comes back negative.
Here’s what to know.
Order a discreet home STI test
What Are These Bacteria?
| Species | Notes |
|---|---|
| Ureaplasma urealyticum | More associated with symptoms in some studies |
| Ureaplasma parvum | Often part of normal flora |
Both species are very small bacteria without true cell walls. They are common in healthy adults and their role as STIs is debated.
How the Test Works
- NAAT (nucleic acid amplification) on a urine sample, swab or rectal sample
- Modern tests can distinguish between the two species
- Results take a few days
When Testing Is Used
- Persistent urethritis after standard STI testing is negative
- Recurring symptoms despite treatment
- Specialist evaluation in unusual situations
- Research studies
Should Asymptomatic People Test?
Generally no. Many people carry ureaplasma without symptoms, and treating asymptomatic carriage isn’t usually beneficial. Testing may lead to unnecessary antibiotic use and contributes to resistance.
Treatment
- Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 7 days is often used
- Alternative antibiotics in specific situations
- Treatment usually only when symptoms are present
- Partners may also be considered
Why Routine Testing Isn’t Recommended
- Common in healthy people without symptoms
- Treatment of asymptomatic carriage isn’t beneficial
- Promotes antibiotic resistance
- Causes unnecessary anxiety
Where to Get Tested
- Specialist sexual health clinics
- Some private STI panels include ureaplasma
- Not usually part of standard NHS screening
Read more: Rectal ureaplasma test | Mycoplasma genitalium | Discharge and STIs
Frequently Asked Questions
Is ureaplasma an STI?
Its status is debated — many people carry it without symptoms.
Should I be tested if I have no symptoms?
Usually not. Routine testing isn’t recommended.
Can ureaplasma be cured?
Yes when treatment is needed. Antibiotics work effectively.
Related reading
- Can You Have Chlamydia and Test Negative?
- Comprehensive Test: Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea and Herpes
- Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea Lab Test
- Chlamydia Rapid Test Kits: What to Know
- Home Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea Tests: How They Work
Sources
- NHS — Sexual health conditions
- BASHH — UK clinical guidelines for STI management
- British HIV Association (BHIVA) — HIV treatment guidelines
- Terrence Higgins Trust — sexual health information
- UK Health Security Agency — STI surveillance data
Steve Page is a recognised expert on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and STD treatments, having published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals and presented his research at conferences around the world. He has an in-depth understanding of the latest medical research on STDs, and is an advocate for the development of new treatments and protocols to improve the health of those affected. In addition to his research, he has dedicated his career to understanding the causes and symptoms of STDs, as well as how to best treat those impacted.
