References UK clinical guidance from the NHS, the British HIV Association (BHIVA), and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). Last updated: April 2026.
Scabies is a skin infestation caused by tiny mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) that burrow into the top layer of skin to lay eggs. It causes intense itching, especially at night, and a rash of small bumps. Scabies spreads through prolonged skin-to-skin contact and can be sexually transmitted. It’s easily treated with prescribed creams.
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Symptoms
- Intense itching, worse at night
- Pimple-like rash
- Tiny burrow lines on the skin
- Commonly affects wrists, fingers, elbows, genitals, buttocks
How It Spreads
| Route | Likelihood |
|---|---|
| Prolonged skin contact | Main route |
| Sexual contact | Common |
| Shared bedding | Possible |
| Brief casual contact | Unlikely |
Treatment
- Permethrin 5% cream — applied all over the body overnight
- Repeated after 7 days
- All household contacts and sexual partners treated simultaneously
- Wash bedding and clothing at 50°C+
- Itching may continue for 2-4 weeks after treatment (normal)
When to See a Doctor
- Intense itch with rash
- Household members also itching
- Symptoms after close contact with someone diagnosed
Read more: Parasitic STIs | Skin rashes and STIs | Pubic lice
Frequently Asked Questions
Is scabies an STI?
It can be sexually transmitted but also spreads through non-sexual contact.
How long does itching last after treatment?
Up to 4 weeks — this doesn’t mean treatment failed.
Can I catch it from a handshake?
Unlikely — prolonged contact is needed.
Related reading
- What Are Pubic Lice (Crabs)?
- What Is a Female (Internal) Condom?
- What Is a Shigella Infection?
- What Is Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?
- What Is Gonococcal Arthritis?
Sources
- NHS — Sexual health conditions
- BASHH — UK clinical guidelines for STI management
- British HIV Association (BHIVA) — HIV treatment guidelines
- Terrence Higgins Trust — sexual health information
- UK Health Security Agency — STI surveillance data
Steve Page is a recognised expert on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and STD treatments, having published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals and presented his research at conferences around the world. He has an in-depth understanding of the latest medical research on STDs, and is an advocate for the development of new treatments and protocols to improve the health of those affected. In addition to his research, he has dedicated his career to understanding the causes and symptoms of STDs, as well as how to best treat those impacted.
