References UK clinical guidance from the NHS, the British HIV Association (BHIVA), and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). Last updated: April 2026.
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes small, firm, dome-shaped bumps with a characteristic dimple in the centre. It’s caused by a poxvirus and spreads through skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact in adults. In children, it’s common and non-sexual. Most cases clear on their own within 6-18 months.
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Symptoms
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Small (2-5mm), flesh-coloured, dome-shaped bumps |
| Central dimple | Characteristic “umbilicated” centre |
| Number | Can be single or multiple (sometimes dozens) |
| Location (adults) | Genitals, inner thighs, lower abdomen |
| Location (children) | Face, arms, trunk |
| Pain | Usually painless |
How It Spreads
- Direct skin-to-skin contact
- Sexual contact in adults
- Shared towels or clothing (less common)
- Self-inoculation (spreading to new areas by scratching)
Diagnosis
Usually diagnosed by appearance alone. The dimpled centre is distinctive. Rarely, biopsy confirms diagnosis if uncertain.
Treatment
- Often no treatment needed — clears naturally in 6-18 months
- Cryotherapy (freezing)
- Topical treatments (podophyllotoxin)
- Curettage (scraping)
- Treatment may be offered for cosmetic or comfort reasons
In People With HIV
Molluscum can be more extensive and persistent in people with weakened immune systems. Starting or optimising ART usually helps resolve the lesions.
When to See a Doctor
- Bumps near the eyes
- Extensive or spreading lesions
- Unsure if it’s molluscum or something else
- Immunosuppressed (HIV, transplant)
Read more: Skin and HIV | Warts vs herpes | Vaginal bumps
Frequently Asked Questions
Is molluscum an STI?
In adults, genital molluscum is often sexually transmitted. In children, it’s not.
Will it go away on its own?
Usually yes, within 6-18 months.
Is it contagious?
Yes — through direct contact. Avoid sharing towels during infection.
Related reading
- A to Z of Sex: Sexual Health Terms Explained
- Alcohol and HIV: What You Need to Know
- Anxiety and HIV: Coping and Getting Support
- Are All STIs Curable?
- Blood Problems and HIV: Anaemia, Low Platelets and More
Sources
- NHS — Sexual health conditions
- BASHH — UK clinical guidelines for STI management
- British HIV Association (BHIVA) — HIV treatment guidelines
- Terrence Higgins Trust — sexual health information
- UK Health Security Agency — STI surveillance data
Steve Page is a recognised expert on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and STD treatments, having published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals and presented his research at conferences around the world. He has an in-depth understanding of the latest medical research on STDs, and is an advocate for the development of new treatments and protocols to improve the health of those affected. In addition to his research, he has dedicated his career to understanding the causes and symptoms of STDs, as well as how to best treat those impacted.
