References UK clinical guidance from the NHS, the British HIV Association (BHIVA), and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). Last updated: April 2026.
A typical vaginal yeast infection (candidiasis) usually doesn’t have a strong odour. If you notice a significant smell alongside vaginal symptoms, it’s more likely to be something else — most commonly bacterial vaginosis (BV) or trichomoniasis. Knowing the difference helps you get the right treatment.
Here’s a practical guide.
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Typical Yeast Infection Symptoms
- Thick, white, cottage-cheese-like discharge
- Itching and irritation around the vulva
- Burning sensation, especially when urinating
- Redness and swelling of the vulva
- Pain during sex
- Usually no strong odour
Comparing Common Vaginal Conditions
| Condition | Smell | Discharge | Other Symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yeast infection | Usually none, or mildly yeasty | Thick, white, clumpy | Itching, burning |
| Bacterial vaginosis (BV) | Fishy, often worse after sex | Thin, greyish-white | Usually no itching |
| Trichomoniasis | Unpleasant, fishy or musty | Frothy, yellow-green | Itching, soreness, pain on urination |
| Healthy vagina | Mild, variable | Clear or milky, minimal | None |
When to Suspect Something Other Than Yeast
If you notice a strong or unpleasant smell, the most likely explanation is not yeast. Consider:
- BV — fishy odour, thin greyish discharge, often worse after sex
- Trichomoniasis — foul odour, frothy discharge, possibly with itching or pain
- Forgotten tampon or foreign object — strong odour, localised
- STI — some STIs can cause unusual discharge and smell
What to Do
- For mild, typical yeast infection symptoms, pharmacy treatments (fluconazole tablet or clotrimazole cream) are usually effective
- If the smell is prominent, don’t self-treat for yeast — see a GP or sexual health clinic
- Recurring symptoms need proper assessment
- Pregnancy, diabetes or immunosuppression increase the risk of yeast infections — speak to a doctor
What Not to Do
- Don’t douche — it disrupts the vaginal microbiome and can make things worse
- Don’t use scented products, feminine sprays or harsh soaps
- Don’t assume every vaginal symptom is yeast — misdiagnosis is common
- Don’t ignore persistent symptoms
Read more: Bacterial vaginosis | What is trichomoniasis? | What is HIV?
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a yeast infection smell fishy?
A true yeast infection usually doesn’t smell fishy. A fishy odour is more typical of bacterial vaginosis, which needs different treatment.
How do I know if it’s yeast or BV?
BV typically has thin, greyish discharge and a fishy smell without itching. Yeast typically has thick, white, itchy discharge without strong odour. When in doubt, get tested.
Can I treat BV with yeast infection medicine?
No. BV needs antibiotics (metronidazole or clindamycin), not antifungals. Using the wrong treatment won’t help and may delay proper care.
Related reading
- Can You Test for STIs While on Your Period?
- How Different STIs Affect Vaginal Discharge
- Lab-Based Vaginitis Test
- What Is a Female (Internal) Condom?
- What Is Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?
Sources
- NHS — Sexual health conditions
- BASHH — UK clinical guidelines for STI management
- British HIV Association (BHIVA) — HIV treatment guidelines
- Terrence Higgins Trust — sexual health information
- UK Health Security Agency — STI surveillance data
Steve Page is a recognised expert on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and STD treatments, having published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals and presented his research at conferences around the world. He has an in-depth understanding of the latest medical research on STDs, and is an advocate for the development of new treatments and protocols to improve the health of those affected. In addition to his research, he has dedicated his career to understanding the causes and symptoms of STDs, as well as how to best treat those impacted.
