References UK clinical guidance from the NHS, the British HIV Association (BHIVA), and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). Last updated: April 2026.
A cervical smear test (cervical screening) is designed to check for cell changes on the cervix that could lead to cancer. Since 2019, NHS cervical screening in England also tests for high-risk HPV (human papillomavirus). But it doesn’t screen for other STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV or syphilis. If you want a full STI check, you need a separate sexual health appointment.
Here’s what smear tests do and don’t cover.
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What a Smear Test Actually Does
- Tests for high-risk HPV types
- If HPV is found, the sample is checked for abnormal cells
- Screens for early cell changes that could develop into cervical cancer
- Recommended every 3 years (ages 25-49) or 5 years (ages 50-64)
- Women with HIV are offered annual screening
What a Smear Test Doesn’t Test For
| Infection | Included in Smear? |
|---|---|
| HPV (high-risk types) | Yes |
| Cervical cell changes | Yes, if HPV positive |
| Chlamydia | No |
| Gonorrhoea | No |
| HIV | No |
| Syphilis | No |
| Hepatitis B or C | No |
| Trichomoniasis | Not typically |
| Herpes | No |
Why This Matters
Many women assume a smear test is a general STI check. It’s not. Silent STIs can go undetected unless you ask for specific tests. Chlamydia in particular is common and often silent in women.
Where to Get a Full STI Check
- NHS sexual health clinics — comprehensive testing, free, confidential
- GP surgery — can order STI tests
- Home test kits — free through NHS services in many areas
- Online services — postal kits, results online
What a Full STI Check Usually Includes
- Urine sample or vaginal swab for chlamydia and gonorrhoea
- Blood test for HIV, syphilis and (often) hepatitis
- Examination if you have symptoms
- Throat and rectal swabs if relevant
- Discussion of risk factors and protection
Combining with Cervical Screening
You can attend a sexual health clinic or your GP and ask for both STI testing and cervical screening (if you’re due) at the same visit. This is efficient and common.
Read more: Cervical screening and HIV | What is HPV? | Home STI tests
Frequently Asked Questions
Does cervical screening check for HPV?
Yes. Since 2019, NHS cervical screening in England tests for high-risk HPV as the primary test.
Can my smear test show chlamydia?
No. Smear tests don’t check for chlamydia or other STIs. You need a separate test.
How often should I have a full STI check?
Depends on your risk. Women with new or multiple partners should test at least yearly. More often if at higher risk.
Related reading
- How Accurate Are Rapid HIV Tests?
- Anonymous STI Testing: What It Means
- Are HIV Tests Accurate If You're on PrEP, PEP or ART?
- Are STI Blood Tests Accurate?
- Before You Get Intimate: Why You Should Ask About STI Testing
Sources
- NHS — Sexual health conditions
- BASHH — UK clinical guidelines for STI management
- British HIV Association (BHIVA) — HIV treatment guidelines
- Terrence Higgins Trust — sexual health information
- UK Health Security Agency — STI surveillance data
Steve Page is a recognised expert on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and STD treatments, having published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals and presented his research at conferences around the world. He has an in-depth understanding of the latest medical research on STDs, and is an advocate for the development of new treatments and protocols to improve the health of those affected. In addition to his research, he has dedicated his career to understanding the causes and symptoms of STDs, as well as how to best treat those impacted.
